Cook the Onion
Heat the oil in a large Dutch oven or heavy-bottomed pot over medium-high heat.
Add the diced onion and cook, stirring occasionally, until translucent (about 6–8 minutes).
Brown the Beef
While the onion is cooking, pat the beef dry with paper towels.
Season the beef with 1 teaspoon of kosher salt and 1/4 teaspoon of black pepper.
Add the beef to the pot and cook until browned in spots and no longer pink, stirring occasionally (about 6–8 minutes).
Add Spices and Aromatics
Stir in the Hungarian sweet paprika, minced garlic, and caraway seeds.
Cook for about 30 seconds, stirring constantly, until fragrant.
Add Stock and Vegetables
Pour in the chicken or beef stock.
Add the carrots, tomato, bell pepper, bay leaf, and the remaining 1 teaspoon of kosher salt and 1/4 teaspoon of black pepper.
Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat to medium-low. Cover and let it simmer for about 45 minutes, or until the vegetables are tender.
Cook the Potatoes
Add the diced Yukon gold potatoes to the pot.
Cook uncovered for 25 minutes, or until the beef and potatoes are tender.
Season and Serve
Remove the bay leaf and taste the goulash. Adjust seasoning with additional salt and pepper if needed.
Serve in bowls, garnished with chopped parsley (optional), and pair with crusty bread for dipping.