Marinate the Chicken
Use a fork to pierce the chicken pieces all over.
Coat the chicken with 2 tablespoons of fish sauce and set aside to marinate for 30 minutes.
Fry the Garlic
Heat 2 tablespoons of vegetable oil in a heavy stockpot over medium heat.
Fry the sliced garlic, stirring often, until golden brown (about 3–4 minutes).
Remove the garlic with a slotted spoon and drain on paper towels. Set aside for garnish.
Cook the Aromatics
Add the remaining 2 tablespoons of oil to the stockpot.
Sauté the onion, scallion whites, and ginger until soft and fragrant, about 2 minutes.
Stir in the remaining 2 tablespoons of fish sauce and let it sizzle for 1 minute.
Cook the Chicken and Rice
Arrange the marinated chicken pieces in a single layer in the pot.
Scatter the jasmine rice evenly over the chicken.
Pour in 8 cups of chicken stock or water, ensuring the chicken and rice are fully submerged.
Simmer the Porridge
Cover the pot and cook over medium heat for about 40 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent the rice from sticking.
Add up to 1 more cup of stock or water if the mixture becomes too thick.
Season with salt and black pepper to taste.
Shred or Chop the Chicken
Remove the chicken from the pot and let it cool slightly.
Chop or shred the chicken into bite-sized pieces and set aside.
Serve
Ladle the arroz caldo into individual bowls.
Top with shredded chicken, fried garlic, scallion greens, and slices of hard-boiled egg (if using).
Serve with lemon or calamansi wedges for a bright, zesty finish.