Preheat and Prepare the Pan: Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Line an 8x8-inch baking pan with parchment paper.
Make the Oat Crust: In a large mixing bowl, combine flour, oats, salt, baking soda, granulated sugar, and brown sugar. Stir in the melted butter and vanilla extract until a crumbly dough forms.
Form the Base: Press two-thirds of the oat mixture evenly into the bottom of the prepared pan. Bake for 12-15 minutes until lightly golden.
Prepare the Lemon Filling: In a separate bowl, whisk together sweetened condensed milk, lemon zest, lemon juice, and egg yolks until smooth.
Layer the Bars: Pour the lemon filling over the baked crust, spreading it evenly. Sprinkle the remaining oat mixture over the top.
Bake: Return to the oven and bake for 20-25 minutes, or until the edges are golden and the filling is set.
Cool and Chill: Let the bars cool completely, then refrigerate for at least 2 hours before slicing into squares.
Serve and Enjoy: Enjoy chilled for the best texture and flavor.